Kodak Film Camera AS 116 User Manual

AS-116  
KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444  
KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444 is a  
medium-speed, very fine-grain color negative aerial film.  
This film has a wide exposure latitude and is specifically  
TOTAL FILM THICKNESS  
The nominal total thickness (unprocessed) of this film is  
5.2 mils (0.132 mm). This includes emulsion—0.8 mil  
designed for processing to a color negative only. Since this  
(0.020 mm), base—3.9 mils (0.10 mm), and backing—  
film does not have integral color masking, direct  
0.5 mil (0.013 mm).  
interpretation can be made from the negative. Objects are  
recorded in colors complementary to their natural colors.  
WEIGHT  
The ESTAR Base provides flexibility, moisture  
resistance, high tear resistance, and excellent dimensional  
stability. KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444  
has an abrasion-resistant emulsion, an antihalation  
undercoat, and a dyed-gel backing.  
The weight of AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444  
(unprocessed), conditioned in equilibrium with 50 percent  
relative humidity, is 0.04 lbssq ft (0.018 kgsq ft).  
The hardened emulsion permits high-temperature, rapid  
processing in roller-transport processors, such as the  
KODAK Aerial Color Processor, Model 1611, and the  
KODAK EKTACHROME RT Processor, Model 1811, with  
Quick-Change, using Process AN-6. This process consists of  
selected KODAK EA-5 Chemicals and AN-6 Chemicals.  
Processing can be easily tailored to optimize contrast for  
specific applications.  
SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY  
This multilayer, color negative film is balanced for daylight  
exposure.  
SAFELIGHT  
Total darkness is required.  
This film is also compatible with Process C-41. It can be  
processed in existing C-41 processors using either KODAK  
FLEXICOLOR Developer or KODAK Developer  
Replenisher, Process AN-6.  
This film can be processed in rewind processing  
equipment, such as the Morse M-10 developing outfit  
(Military Designator: B-5), although this is not a primary  
processing recommendation.  
EXPOSURE  
Aerial Film Speeds (EAFS or ISO A equivalent) should not  
be confused with conventional film speeds, which are  
designed for roll and sheet films used in pictorial  
photography. The characteristics of aerial scenes differ  
markedly from those of ordinary pictorial or ground scenes  
because of the smaller range in subject luminance,  
atmospheric haze conditions, and other factors. Therefore,  
different film-speed parameters are used to relate  
aerial-scene characteristics to practical exposure  
recommendations.  
APPLICATIONS  
KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444 is for  
general use in medium- to high-altitude aerial-mapping and  
aerial-reconnaissance photography. It is suited for  
geological, pollution, archeological, crop and forestry  
studies; traffic control; city planning; railway, highway, and  
hydraulic engineering; oceanography; and remote sensing, as  
well as other areas where photogrammetry is used. It is also  
well suited and recommended for use in digital film  
recorders.  
The KODAK Aerial Exposure Computer, KODAK  
Publication AS-10, has been published based on the aerial  
film speed criterion.  
Nominal speed, daylight (no filter): EAFS or ISO A 125  
(based on development for maximum contrast)  
Note: The Aerial Film Speed given in this publication is  
rounded to the nearest cube root of 2 step (equivalent to 13  
stop).  
BASE  
Filters  
3.9-mil (0.10 mm) ESTAR Base with a gel backing.  
This film incorporates an integral ultraviolet-absorbing filter,  
so color correction filters are not normally used. If necessary,  
additional color-balance adjustment in the blue region can be  
achieved using KODAK Haze Cutting Filters HF-4 or HF-5.  
©Eastman Kodak Company, 2005  
 
Chemicals  
Replenishment and Wash Rates (4.2 fpm):  
Process AN-6 uses the following KODAK EA-5 and AN-6  
Chemicals:  
Note: These rates have been rounded to the nearest usable  
increment.  
KODAK Developer Starter, Process AN-6  
Models 1611 and 1811 with Quick Change  
KODAK Developer Replenisher, Process AN-6  
Film Width  
Basic  
KODAK EA-5 First and Second Stop Bath and  
Replenisher  
Solution/Step  
Rate  
(mL/ft2)  
70 mm  
5-in.  
9 1/2-in.  
(mL/min) (mL/min) (mL/min)  
KODAK EA-5 Bleach and Replenisher  
KODAK Aerial Color Fixer and Replenisher  
KODAK EA-5 Stabilizer and Replenisher  
AN-6  
Developer*  
110  
200  
105  
195  
195  
350  
365  
665  
Stop Bath  
Wash  
— 2 gal/min —  
Notice: Observe precautionary information on product labels and  
Material Safety Data sheets.  
Bleach  
90  
90  
160  
175  
300  
335  
Fixer  
100  
100  
Final Wash†  
— 2 gal/min —  
Processing Sequence (4.2 fpm):  
* The required rates will vary with the average exposure level. Make an  
adjustment if the control strip density levels increase or decrease  
substantially.  
KODAK Aerial Color Processor, Model 1611  
Inject EA-5 Stabilizer and Replenisher into tank 16 (Model 1611) or tank  
18 (Model 1811) of the final wash at a rate of 50 mLmin for all film  
widths. In the Model 1611, this wash flows countercurrent to tanks 15  
and 14. In the Model 1811, this wash flows countercurrent to tank 17.  
Temperature  
°F °C  
106 ± 0.5 41.1 ± 0.3  
Time  
(seconds)  
Solution/Step Tank No.  
AN-6 Developer  
Skip Tanks  
Stop Bath  
Wash  
1, 2, 3  
179.3  
28.4  
58.9  
58.9  
58.9  
58.9  
176.0  
88.7  
4 - 9  
Bleach Regeneration  
10  
120 ± 5  
120 ± 5  
120 ± 5  
115 ± 5  
120 ± 5  
145 ± 5  
49 ± 3  
49 ± 3  
49 ± 3  
46 ± 3  
49 ± 3  
63 ± 3  
Regeneration of used EA-5 Bleach will reduce processing  
solution costs and substantially reduce the amount of bleach  
discarded to the sewer. Collection and treatment tanks for  
bleach overflow solution and chemical testing capability are  
required. A detailed laboratory procedure is available from  
Eastman Kodak Company.  
11  
12  
Bleach  
Fixer  
13  
Final Wash*  
14, 15, 16  
Dryer  
* Inject EA-5 Stabilizer and Replenisher into tank 16 of the final wash at a  
rate of 50 mL/min for all film widths.  
C-41 Processing  
This film may be processed in KODAK FLEXICOLOR  
Chemicals for Process C-41. To achieve results like Process  
AN-6, extend the development time to 5’15” at 100°F (38°C)  
with a basic replenishment rate of 94 mLft2. Shorter  
development times may be used to achieve lower contrast, if  
desired. Substitute AN-6 Developer using a developer time  
of 2’56” at 106°F (41°C) for increased productivity.  
KODAK EKTACHROME RT Processor, Model 1811,  
Quick-Change  
Temperature  
Time  
(seconds)  
Solution/Step Tank No.  
°F  
°C  
Skip Tanks  
1, 2, 3  
18.1  
175.9  
29.2  
AN-6 Developer 4, 5, 6  
106 ± 0.5 41.1 ± 0.3  
Note: Do not use KODAK FLEXICOLOR Developer  
LORR, as the low tank turnover would be insufficient to  
maintain proper chemical equilibrium and sensitometric  
control.  
Skip Tanks  
Second Stop  
Wash  
7 - 12  
13  
58.6  
120 ± 5  
120 ± 5  
120 ± 5  
115 ± 5  
120 ± 5  
140 ± 5  
49 ± 3  
49 ± 3  
49 ± 3  
46 ± 3  
49 ± 3  
60 ± 3  
14  
58.6  
Bleach  
15  
58.6  
Fixer  
Final Wash*  
Dryer†  
16  
58.6  
17, 18  
117.3  
122.1  
* Inject EA-5 Stabilizer and Replenisher into tank 18 of the final wash at a  
rate of 50 mLmin for all film widths.  
Set air-damper control knobs at 8. The dryer temperature may require  
adjustment depending on the ambient temperature and humidity  
conditions in the processing area.  
KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444 AS-116  
3
 
C-41 Processing Cycle  
REWIND PROCESSING  
Time  
Temp  
Note: This is not a primary recommendation.  
FLEXICOLOR  
Chemical  
Basic Repl  
min:sec  
°C (°F)  
(sec)  
Rate (mL/ft2)  
KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444 yields  
optimum results with modern, high-temperature,  
continuous-processing machines. It can be processed in  
rewind equipment, although this method is not a primary  
processing recommendation. Eastman Kodak Company no  
longer offers packaged chemicals for such processing.  
Customers wishing to use rewind equipment such as the  
Gordon/Morse M-10 Developing Outfit (Military  
Designator: B-5) may contact Aerial Imaging for  
information on exposure, processing chemicals, process  
cycles, and general recommendations.  
3:15 to 5:15  
(195 to 315)  
38 ± 0.3  
Developer  
Bleach III  
Wash  
94  
95  
(100 ± 0.5)*  
3:00 to 6:00  
(180 to 360)  
38 ± 3  
(100 ± 5)*  
1:05  
(65)  
24 to 41  
(75 to 105)†  
2900‡  
95  
4:20  
(260)  
38 ± 3  
(100 ± 5)  
Fixer§  
3:15  
(195)¶  
24 to 41  
(75 to 105)  
Wash  
2900‡  
Stabilizer LF  
—or—  
Stabilizer III  
1:05  
(65)  
24 to 41  
(75 to 105)  
95  
PROCESS CONTROL  
KODAK Control Strips, Process AN-6, are available and are  
recommended for monitoring the processing of  
AEROCOLOR III Film in roller-transport processors. For  
detailed information on process control and troubleshooting,  
refer to KODAK Publication Z-200, Using Processes AR-5  
and AN-5 for KODAK Color Aerial Films.  
Not over  
60 (140)  
Dry  
As needed  
* If you increase the bleach and fixer times to 6:30 or longer, you can  
extend the temperature range to 75 to 105°F (24 to 41°C).  
In some processors, a lower wash-water temperature may affect solution  
temperatures in adjacent tanks. Longer warm-up times may be needed.  
If it affects developer temperature during processing, you may need to  
use a higher wash-water temperature.  
Rates are for first wash and a two-stage countercurrent final wash.  
Double these rates for a single-stage final wash.  
§ Use a two-stage (two-tank) countercurrent fixer, preferably with the  
same time in each tank. Agitation and filtration in each tank are required.  
If your processor has a single fixer tank, using in-line electrolytic  
desilvering will decrease the safety factor for adequate fixing.  
PRINTING NEGATIVES  
You can reproduce images made on AEROCOLOR III  
Negative Film by using a variety of Kodak materials.  
If your squeegees are efficient enough to maintain a low fixer carryover,  
you can reduce the wash time to 2:10.  
For additional information using Process C-41, see  
KODAK Publication Z-131, Process C-41 using KODAK  
FLEXICOLOR Chemicals.  
Color Transparencies  
You can make transparencies directly (or by first scanning)  
on KODAK PROFESSIONAL ENDURA Clear Display  
Material.  
Development Options to Achieve Various  
Contrasts  
Adjust developer time/temperature per the table below to  
achieve a variety of contrasts. When changing processor  
transport speeds, be sure to adjust replenishment flow rates  
accordingly, to maintain desired basic replenishment rates.  
Color Prints  
You can make prints directly (or by first scanning) on—  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL PORTRA, SUPRA, and  
ULTRA ENDURA Papers  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL ENDURA Transparency  
Display Material  
Time  
Temp  
°C (°F)  
Approx.  
Contrast Equivalent  
ISO A  
Developer min:sec  
KODAK PROFESSIONAL ENDURA Metallic Paper  
(sec)*  
2:56  
AN-6  
(176)  
41 (106)  
41 (106)  
38.9 (102)  
38 (100)  
38 (100)  
38 (100)  
0.90  
0.80  
0.65  
0.90  
0.80  
0.65  
125  
100  
80  
2:17  
AN-6  
(137)  
2:17  
AN-6  
(137)  
5:15  
Flexicolor  
125  
100  
80  
(315)  
4:15  
Flexicolor  
(270)  
3:15  
Flexicolor  
(195)  
* Film must be completely immersed in developer. Includes immersion  
time and transfer time to the next tank. Keep transfer time to 20 seconds  
or less.  
Note: Based on a 3-tank developer system in a Model 1611  
or 1811 Processor, 2:56 = 4.2 fpm and 2:17 = 5.4 fpm.  
4
KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444 AS-116  
 
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY  
CURVES  
The dimensional stability of aerial films is of particular  
interest and importance in accurate mapping and in the  
reproduction of maps.  
Modulation Transfer Function  
1000  
100  
Dimensional stability is an all-inclusive term. In  
photography, it applies to size changes caused by changes in  
humidity and in temperature, and by processing and aging.  
The absence of solvent in ESTAR Base is one of the reasons  
why ESTAR Base films show excellent dimensional stability.  
The dimensional properties of ESTAR Base may vary slightly  
in different directions within a sheet; the differences that may  
exist, however, are not always between the length and width  
directions.  
70  
50  
B
G
R
30  
20  
Daylight  
Exposure:  
Process: AN-6  
Densitometry: Diffuse visual  
10  
7
5
3
2
Temporary Dimensional Changes  
1
Thermal Coefficient of Linear Expansion:  
1
2
3
4 5  
10  
20  
50  
100 200  
1000  
0.001%  
per degree F of change  
per degree C of change  
SPATIAL FREQUENCY (cycles/mm)  
0.0018%  
Humidity Coefficient of Linear Expansion (Unprocessed):  
0.0025% per 1% change in relative humidity  
Spectral Sensitivity  
4.0  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
1/25 second  
Effective Exposure:  
Permanent Dimensional Changes  
Densitometry: Status M  
Density: 0.2 above D-min  
Processing Dimensional Change:  
-0.02% to +0.01%  
shrinkage to swell  
Aging Shrinkage of Processed Film:  
0.06%  
0.03%  
1 week at 120°F (49°C), 20% RH  
Yellow-  
Forming  
Layer  
1 year at 78°F (25.5°C), 60% RH  
Magenta-  
Forming  
Layer  
Cyan-  
Forming  
Layer  
SIZE DATA AND ORDERING INFORMATION  
Information on available sizes and minimum order  
quantities of this film is available on the web at  
www.kodak.com/go/aerial. You can also write or call:  
Aerial Imaging  
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750  
WAVELENGTH (nm)  
*Sensitivity = reciprocal of exposure (ergs/cm2) required  
to produce specified density  
Eastman Kodak Company  
343 State Street  
Rochester, New York 14650-0505  
(585) 724-4688  
Toll-free in the US: (877) 909-4280  
Note: The Kodak materials described in this publication used  
with AEROCOLOR III Film are available from those dealers  
normally supplying Kodak products. Other materials may be  
used, but equivalent results may not be obtained.  
KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444 AS-116  
5
 
KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444  
Spectral Dye Density  
Characteristic Curve, Developed for Medium Contrast  
4.0  
2.5  
Peak Normalized at 1.0 Density  
Daylight  
Exposure:  
Process: C-41, 4’15" Development Time  
(or AN-6, 137 seconds, 41o C)  
Densitometry: Status M  
2.0  
1.5  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
G
Yellow  
Cyan  
Magenta  
1.0  
0.5  
0.0  
B
R
0.0  
400  
F002_1083AC  
450  
500  
550  
600  
650  
700  
750  
4.0  
F002_1085AC  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
1.0  
WAVELENGTH (nm)  
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)  
Characteristic Curve, Developed for Low Contrast  
Characteristic Curve, Developed for Maximum Contrast  
4.0  
4.0  
Daylight  
Exposure:  
Daylight  
Exposure:  
Process: C-41, 5’15" Development Time  
(or AN-6, 176 seconds, 41o C)  
Densitometry: Status M  
Process: C-41, 3’15" Development Time  
(or AN-6, 137 seconds, 38.9oC)  
Densitometry: Status M  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
G
B
G
R
B
R
0.0  
0.0  
4.0  
F002_1086AC  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
1.0  
4.0  
F002_1084AC  
3.0  
2.0  
1.0  
0.0  
1.0  
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)  
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)  
NOTICE: While the sensitometric data in this publication are typical of production coatings, they do not represent  
standards which must be met by Kodak. Varying storage, exposure, and processing conditions will affect results.  
The company reserves the right to change and improve product characteristics at any time.  
Aerial Imaging  
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY ROCHESTER, NY 14650-0505  
KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative  
Film 2444  
Kodak, Kodak Professional, Aerocolor, Duraclear, Estar, Ektacolor, Ektachrome,  
Flexicolor, Gold, Panalure, Portra, Vericolor, and Wratten are trademarks.  
Minor Revision 11-05  
Printed in U.S.A.  
KODAK Publication No. AS-116  
TI 2527  
 

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